The Chapters
on Expiation from Sunan Ibn Majah
2090 It was
narrated that Rifa’ah Al-Juhani said: “When the Prophet (saw) took an oath, he
would say: ‘By the One in Whose Hand is the soul of Muhammad.’” (Sahih)
2091 It was
narrated that Rifa’ah bin ‘Arabah Al-Juhani said: “The swearing of the
Messenger of Allah (saw) when he took an oath; and I bear witness before Allah
was: ‘By the One in Whose Hand is my soul.’” (Sahih)
2092 It was
narrated from Salim that his father said: “The swearing most frequently worn by
the Messenger of Allah (saw) was: ‘No, by the Controller of the hearts.’”
(Da’if)
2093 It was
narrated that Abu Hurairah said: “The swearing of the Messenger of Allah (saw)
was: ‘No, and I ask Allah for forgiveness.’” (Da’if)
2094 It was
narrated from Salim bin ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar, from his father, from ‘Umar, that
the Messenger of Allah (saw) heard him swearing by his father. The Messenger of
Allah (saw) said: “Allah forbids you from making oaths by your forefathers.”
‘Umar said: “I never took an oath by them (i.e., my forefathers) myself nor
narrating such words from anyone else.” (Sahih)
2095 It was
narrated from ‘Abdur-Rahman bin Samurah that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said:
‘Do not take oaths by idols nor by your forefathers.” (Sahih)
2096 It was
narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “Whoever
takes an oath, and swears, saying: ‘By Al-Lat and Al-‘Uzza,’ let him say: ‘La
ilaha illallah.’” (Sahih)
2097 It was
narrated that Sa’d said: “I took an oath by Lat and ‘Ussa. The Messenger of
Allah (saw) said: Say: “La ilaha illallah wahdahu la sharika lahu” (None has
the right to be worshipped but Allah lone, with no partner or associate),” then
spit toward your left three times, and seek refuge with Allah, and do not do
that again.’” (Sahih)
2098 It was
narrated that Thabit bin Ad-Dahhak said: “The Messenger of Allah (saw) said:
‘Whoever takes an oath to follow a religion other than Islam, telling a
deliberate lie, he will be as he said.’” (Sahih)
2099 It was
narrated from Anas that the Messenger of Allah (saw) heard a man say: “If that
happens, I will be a Jew.” The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: ‘That is
guaranteed.” (Da’if)
2100 It was
narrated from ‘Abdullah bin Buraidah that his father told that the Messenger of
Allah (saw) said: “Whoever says: ‘I have nothing to do with Islam,’ if he is
lying then he is as he said, and if he is telling the truth, his Islam will not
be sound.” (Hasan)
2101 It was
narrated that Ibn ‘Umar said: “The Messenger of Allah (saw) heard a man taking
an oath by his father and said: ‘Do not make oaths by your forefathers. Whoever
makes an oath by Allah, let him fulfill his oath, and if an oath is sworn for a
person by Allah, let him accept it. Whoever is not content with Allah has
nothing to do with Allah.’” (Da’if)
2102 It was
narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Prophet (saw) said: “Eisa bin Maryam saw a
man stealing and said: ‘Did you steal?’ He said: ‘No, by the One besides Whom
there is no other God.’ ‘Eisa said: ‘I believe in Allah, and I do not believe
what my eyes see.’” (Sahih)
2103 It was
narrated from Ibn ‘Umar that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “An oath (leads
to) either sin or regret.” (Da’if)
2104 It was
narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: ‘Whoever
swears an oath and says In sha’ Allah, he will have made an exception.”*
(Sahih)
*Meaning that making the exception will benefit him, in
that he will not be guilty of having violated the oath were he not able to
fulfill it. See explanation by Sindi.
2105 It was
narrated from Ibn ‘Umar that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “Whoever swears
an oath and says In sha’ Allah, if he wishes he may go ahead and if he wishes
he may not, without having broken his oath.” (Sahih)
2106 It was
narrated from Ibn ‘Umar: “Whoever swears an oath and says In sha’ Allah, will
never break his oath.” (Sahih)
2107 It was
narrated from Abu Burdah that his father Abu Musa said: “I came to the
Messenger of Allah (saw) with a group of Asharites and asked him to give us
animals to ride. He said: ‘By Allah, I cannot give you anything to ride, and I
have nothing to give you to ride.’ We stayed as long as Allah willed, then some
camels were brought to him. He ordered that we be given three she-camels with
fine humps. When we left, we said to one another: ‘We came to the Messenger of
Allah (saw) to ask him for animals to ride, and he swore by Allah that he would
not give us anything to ride, then he gave us something. Let us go back.’ So we
went to him and said: ‘O Messenger of Allah! We came to you seeking mounts, and
you took an oath that you would not give us mounts, then you gave us some
mounts.’ He said: ‘By Allah, I did not give you animals to ride, rather Allah
gave you them to ride. I, by Allah, if Allah wills, do not swear and then see
something better than it, but I offer expiation for what I swore about, and do
that which is better.’ Or he said: ‘I do that which is better and offer
expiation for what I swore about.’” (Sahih)
2108 It was
narrated from ‘Adi bin Hatim that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “Whoever
swears an oath then sees that something else is better than it, let him do that
which is better and offer expiation for what he swore about.” (Sahih)
2109 It was
narrated from Abul-Ahwas ‘Awf bin Malik Al-Jushami that his father said: “I
said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, my cousin comes to me and I swear that I will not
give him anything or uphold the ties of kinship with him.’ He said: ‘Offer
expiation for what you swore about.’” (Sahih)
2110 It was
narrated from ‘Aishah that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “Whoever takes an
oath to cut off the ties of kinship, or to do something that is not right, the
fulfillment of his vow is not to do that.” (Da’if)
2111 It was
narrated from ‘Amr bin Shu’aib, from his father, that his grandfather said that
the Prophet (saw) said: “Whoever swears an oath then sees that something else
is better than it, let him not do it, and his leaving it is the expiation for
it.” (Hasan)
2112 It was
narrated that Ibn ‘Abbas said: “The Messenger of Allah (saw) offered expiation
of Sa’ of dates, and he enjoined the people to do likewise. Whoever does not
have that (must give) half a Sa’ of wheat.” (Da’if)
2113 It was
narrated that Ibn ‘Abbas said: “A man would give his family food that was
abundant and another would give his family food that was barely sufficient,
then the following was revealed: ‘With the Awsat* of that with which you feed
your families...’” [5:89] (Da’if)
*Meaning: Average, and some of them said it means, the
best.
2114 It was
narrated that Hammam heard Abu Hurairah saying ‘Abul-Qasim (saw) said: “If
anyone of you insists on fulfilling what he swore to (after learning that it is
wrong) then it is more sinful before Allah (breaking the oath for which) the
expiation that has been enjoined upon him.” (Sahih)
Another chain with similar wording.
2115 It was
narrated that Bara’ bin ‘Azib said: “The Messenger of Allah (saw) commanded us
to help fulfill the oath.” (Sahih)
2116 It was
narrated from Mujahid, that ‘Abdur-Rahman bin Safwan, or Safwan bin ‘Abdur-Rahman
Al-Qurashi said: “On the Day of the conquest of Makkah, he came with his father
and he said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, give my father a share of Hijrah.’ He said:
‘There is no Hijrah.’ Then he went away and entered upon ‘Abbas and said: ‘Do
you know who I am?’ He said: ‘Yes.’ Then ‘Abbas went out, wearing a shirt with
no upper wrap, and said: ‘O Messenger of Allah, do you know so-and-so with whom
we have friendly ties? He brought his father to swear an oath of allegiance
(i.e., promise) to emigrate.’ The Prophet (saw) said: ‘There is no Hijrah.’” ‘Abbas
said: ‘I adjure you to do it.’ The Prophet (saw) stretched forth his hand, and
said: ‘I have fulfilled the oath of my uncle, but there is no Hijrah.’” (Da’if)
Another chain with similar wording. Yazid bin Abu Ziyad
said: “Meaning: There is no Hijrah from a land whose people have accepted
Islam.”
2117 It was
narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: ‘When anyone
of you swears an oath, let him not say: ‘What Allah wills and what you will.’
Rather let him say: ‘What Allah wills and then what you will.’ (Hasan)
2118 It was
narrated from Hudhaifah bin Yaman that a Muslim man saw in a dream that he met
a man from among the People of the Book, who said: “What good people you would
be if only you were not committing Shirk. For you say: ‘What Allah wills and
Muhammad wills.’” He mentioned that to the Prophet (saw) and he said: “By
Allah, I am aware of that. Say: ‘What Allah wills then what Muhammad wills.’”
(Da’if)
Another chain from Tufail bin Sakhbarah, the brother of ‘Aishah
by her mother, from the Prophet (saw), with similar wording. (Da’if)
2119 It was
narrated that Suwaid bin Hanzalah said: “We went out looking for the Messenger
of Allah (saw), and Wa’il bin Hujr was with us. An enemy of his seized him and
the people were reluctant to swear an oath, but I swore that he was my brother,
so they set him free. We came to the Messenger of Allah (saw) and I told him
that the people had been reluctant to swear an oath, but I had sworn that he
was my brother. He said: ‘You told the truth. The Muslim is the brother of his
fellow Muslim.’” (Hasan)
2120 It was
narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “The oath is
only according to the intention of the one who requests the oath to be taken.’”
(Sahih)
2121 It was
narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “Your oath
is as your companion understands it to be.” (Sahih)
2122 It was
narrated that ‘Abdullah bin ‘Umar said: “The Messenger of Allah (saw) forbade
vows and said: ‘They are just a means of taking wealth from the miserly.’”
(Sahih)
2123 It was
narrated from Abu Hurairah that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “Vows do not
bring the son of Adam anything unless it has been decreed for him. But he is
dominated by Divine preordainment, and will get what is decreed for him. And
(vows) are a means of making the miser give something, so what he desires
becomes obtainable for him, which was not obtainable before his vow. And Allah
says: ‘Spend, I will spend on you.’ (Sahih)
2124 It was
narrated from ‘Imran bin Husain that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “[There
is no vow to commit disobedience and] no vow concerning that which the son of
Adam does not possess.” (Sahih)
2125 It was
narrated from ‘Aishah that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “There is no vow
to commit disobedience, and the expiation (for such a vow) is the expiation for
breaking an oath.” (Sahih)
2126 It was
narrated from ‘Aishah that the Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “Whoever vows to
obey Allah, let him obey Him, and whoever vows to disobey Allah, let him not
disobey Him.” (Sahih)
2127 It was
narrated from ‘Uqbah bin ‘Amir Al-Juhani that the Messenger of Allah (saw)
said: “Whoever makes a vow and does not state it specifically, the expiation
(for such a vow) is the expiation for breaking an oath.” (Hasan)
2128 It was
narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas that the Prophet (saw) said: “Whoever makes a vow and
does not state it specifically, the expiation (for such a vow) is the expiation
for breaking an oath. Whoever makes a vow and is not able to fulfill it, the expiation
for that is the expiation for breaking an oath. Whoever makes a vow and is able
to fulfill it, let him do so.” (Hasan)
2129 It was
narrated that ‘Umar bin Khattab said: “I made a vow during the Ignorance period
and I asked the Prophet (saw) (about it) after I became Muslim. He told me to
fulfill my vow.” (Sahih)
2130 It was
narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas that a man came to the Prophet (saw) and said: “O
Messenger of Allah, I vowed to offer a sacrifice at Buwanah.” He said: “Do you
intend any action of Ignorance period?” He said: “No.” He said: “Then fulfill
you vow.” (Hasan)
2131 It was
narrated from Maimunah bint Kardam Al-Yasariyyah that her father met the
Prophet (saw) when she was riding behind him. He said: “I vowed to offer a
sacrifice at Buwanah.” The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “Is there any idol
there?” He said: “No.” He said: “Fulfill your vow.” (Hasan)
Another chain with similar wording.
2132 It was
narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas that Sa’d bin ‘Ubadah asked the Messenger of Allah
(saw) about a vow which his mother had made, but she had died without
fulfilling it. The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: “Fulfill it on her behalf.”
(Sahih)
2133 It was
narrated from Jabir bin ‘Abdullah that a woman came to the Messenger of Allah
(saw) and said: “My mother has died, and she had made a vow to fast, but she
died before she could fulfill it. The Messenger of Allah (saw) said: ‘Let her
guardian fast on her behalf.” (Da’if)
2134 It was
narrated from Abu Sa’eed Ar-Ru’aini that ‘Abdullah bin Malik told him, that ‘Uqbah
bin ‘Amr told him, that his sister vowed to walk, barefoot and bareheaded, and
he mentioned that to the Messenger of Allah (saw). He said: “Order her to ride
and to cover her head, and to fast for three days.” (Da’if)
2135 It was
narrated that Abu Hurairah said: “The Prophet (saw) saw an old man walking
between his two sons, and he said: ‘What is the matter with him?’ His sons
said: ‘A vow, O Messenger of Allah.’ He said: ‘Let this old man ride, for Allah
has no need of you or your vow.’” (Sahih)
2136 It was
narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas that the Messenger of Allah (saw) passed by a man in
Makkah who was standing in the sun. He said: “What is this?” They said: “He
vowed to fast and not to seek shade until night comes, and not to speak, and to
remain standing.” He said: “Let him speak and seek shade, and let him sit down,
but let him complete his fast.” (Sahih)
Another chain from Ibn ‘Abbas, from the Prophet (saw),
with similar wording.
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